By Sunil Bhardwaj

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According to Kinetic Gas equation, $$PV = \frac { 1 }{ 3 } { mnu }^{ 2 }= \frac { 2 }{ 3 } \frac { 1 }{ 2 } { Mu }^{ 2 }$$ Where $$m \times n = M$$ is the total mass of gas. But $$\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { Mu }^{ 2 } =$$ Kinetic Energy of the gas, $$\therefore PV = \frac { 2 }{ 3 } KE \qquad ...(1)$$ From the postulates of Kinetic Theory of gases, $$KE \propto Absolute \ temperature (T)$$ $$KE = kT$$ where k is constant of proportionality. Putting these values in eq (1) $$\therefore PV = \frac { 2 }{ 3 } kT \qquad ...(2)$$ as $$\frac { 2 }{ 3 }$$ and k is constant we can say $$PV \propto T \qquad ...(3)$$ This is Boyles Law.

From eq 2 $$PV = \frac { 2 }{ 3 } kT$$ $$\therefore \frac { V }{ T } =\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \frac { k }{ P }$$ Now $$\frac { 2 }{ 3 }$$ is a constant quantity, k is also constant, therefore, if P is kept constant, $$\therefore \frac { V }{ T } =Constant$$ This is Charles law.

Consider any two gases. According to kinetic gase quation, For 1st gas $${ P }_{ 1 }{ V }_{ 1 }=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { m }_{ 1 }{ n }_{ 1 }{ u_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }$$ For 2nd gas $${ P }_{ 2 }{ V }_{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { m }_{ 2 }{ n }_{ 2 }{ u_{ 2 } }^{ 2 }$$ where P=Pressure of the gas
V=Volume of the gas
m=Mass of each molecule of the gas
n=Total number of molecules of the gas
u=Root mean square velocity of the molecules of gas.
If conditions of pressure and volume are similar for both the gases, then, $${ P }_{ 1 }{ V }_{ 1 }={ P }_{ 2 }{ V }_{ 2 }$$ $$\therefore \frac { 1 }{ 3 } { m }_{ 1 }{ n }_{ 1 }{ u_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { m }_{ 2 }{ n }_{ 2 }{ u_{ 2 } }^{ 2 }$$ $$\therefore \frac { 2 }{ 3 } { n }_{ 1 }\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { m }_{ 1 }{ u_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }=\frac { 2 }{ 3 } { n }_{ 2 }\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { m }_{ 2 }{ u_{ 2 } }^{ 2 }$$ $$\therefore \frac { 2 }{ 3 } { n }_{ 1 }KE_{ 1 }=\frac { 2 }{ 3 } { n }_{ 2 }{ KE }_{ 2 }$$ $$\therefore { n }_{ 1 }KE_{ 1 }={ n }_{ 2 }{ KE }_{ 2 }$$ Further, according to one of the postulates of the kinetic theory of gases, Average K.E. of a gas $$\propto$$ ?absolute temperature. Since conditions of temperature are similar in both the cases, $$KE_{ 1 }={ KE }_{ 2 }$$ $$\therefore { n }_{ 1 }={ n }_{ 2 }\qquad ...(5)$$ This is Avogadros law.

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