Calculate capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor
CAPACITANCE OF CYLINDRICAL CAPACITOR
Consider a cylindrical capacitor of length L. It is constructed with two coaxial cylinders such that inner cylinder has radius a and charge +Q while outer cylinder has radius b and charge −Q as shown in fig.
The electric field lines come out from positively charged cylinder and enter into negatively charged cylinder.
Now imagine a Gaussian surface in the form of a cylinder of radius r encloses the positively charged inner cylinder of capacitor. The Gaussian cylinde three surfaces.
The flux through top-capped Gaussian cylinder having area element da is ϕ1 =∮→E.→da ϕ1 = ∫E da cos90 ϕ1 = 0 The flux through bottom capped Gaussian cylinder having area element da is ϕ2 =∮→E.→da ϕ2 = ∫E da cos90 ϕ2 = 0 The flux through curved surface of Gaussian cylinder having area element da is ϕ3 =∮→E.→da ϕ3 = ∫E da cos0 ϕ3 = E(2πr L) Where 2πr is circumference of Gaussian cylinder and L is its length. Net flux through whole Gaussian cylinder is ϕc = ϕ1+ϕ2+ϕ3 ϕc = 0+0+E(2πr L) ϕc = E(2πr L)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
From Gauss's law ϕc = Qε0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
Comparing eq (1) and eq (2), we get E(2πr L) = Qε0 E = Q(2πr L)ε0 The potential related to this electric field of cylindrical capacitor is V = ∫baE ds V = ∫baQ(2πr L)ε0 dr V = Q(2π L)ε0∫ba1r dr V = Q(2π L)ε0[lnr]ba V = Q(2π L)ε0(lnb− lna) V = Q(2π L)ε0ln(ba) (2π L)ε0ln(ba) = QV The capacitance of a capacitor is related with voltage as C= QV Comparing eq(1) and eq(2) C= (2π L)ε0ln(ba) This is the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor which depends upon length radius "a" of inner cylinder and radius "b" of outer cylinder.
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